<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Qadma</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadma"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Qadma rootpage-Qadma skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qadma</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r257623520">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output :lang(hbo),.mw-parser-output .hebrew{font-family:SBL Hebrew,Ezra SIL,serif;direction:rtl}.mw-parser-output .tab{border:none;width:100%;clear:both;margin:0;padding:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .tab .marginLT{border-left:none;border-top:none;background-color:#fff}.mw-parser-output .tab .spacingTR{border-right:none;border-top:none;background-color:#fff}.mw-parser-output .tab * .active{height:41px;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .tab * .active,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{font-weight:bold;color:#EEC;font-size:medium}.mw-parser-output .tab td,.mw-parser-output .tab th{height:40px;border:1px solid #632}.mw-parser-output .tab td,.mw-parser-output .tab th,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{background-color:#C97;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tabFrame{margin:0 0 1em 0;border-top:5px solid #C97;border-left:1px solid #632;border-bottom:1px solid #632;border-right:1px solid #632;padding:10px}.mw-parser-output .Box{float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .Box table{border:1px solid #632;margin-bottom:0.3em;border-spacing:5px;background-color:#eec;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .Box table table{border:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #632}.mw-parser-output .Box td,.mw-parser-output .infobox{background-color:#eec;color:#202122;padding:0.2em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .Box th{color:#202122;background-color:#C97}.mw-parser-output .Box tr:first-child th,.mw-parser-output .highlight,.mw-parser-output .Box th b{color:#eec}.mw-parser-output .Box :lang(hbo) td b,.mw-parser-output .Box td:lang(hbo) b,.mw-parser-output .Box td :lang(hbo) b{background-color:#ffebad}.mw-parser-output .Box th:lang(hbo),.mw-parser-output .Box th:lang(he-Hebr),.mw-parser-output .Box th .Hebr{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .Box tr:first-child th a,.mw-parser-output .highlight a,.mw-parser-output .Box tr:first-child th:link,.mw-parser-output .highlight:link,.mw-parser-output .Box tr:first-child th:visited,.mw-parser-output .highlight:visited{color:#eec;text-decoration:underline}.mw-parser-output .h3 td{border-top:1px solid #632;border-bottom:1px solid #632}@media print{.mw-parser-output .tab{display:none!important}}
/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="Box"><table class="" cellspacing="5"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Qadma:<br>Trope in der jüdischen Liturgie</th></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Zeichen:</td><td><span class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֨</span></td></tr><tr><td>Codepunkt:</td><td>U+05A8</td></tr><tr><td>Unicode-Name:</td><td>HEBREW ACCENT QADMA</td></tr><tr><td>Codeblock:</td><td><a href="Unicodeblock_Hebr%C3%A4isch" title="Unicodeblock Hebräisch">Unicodeblock Hebräisch</a></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Qadma<br>(aschkenasisch)</td><td style="font-size: x-large; font-family: SBL Hebrew; direction: rtl;">קַדְמָ֨א</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Azla<br>(sephardisch)</td><td style="font-size: x-large; font-family: SBL Hebrew; direction: rtl;">אַזְלָ֨א</td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align: middle;">Qadma<br>(italienisch)</td><td style="font-size: x-large; font-family: SBL Hebrew; direction: rtl;">קַדְמָ֨א</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Teamim der 21 Bücher<br>(Prosasystem)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2">1. trennende („beherrschende“) Akzente</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">ֽ </td><td><a href="Sof_pasuq" title="Sof pasuq">Sof pasuq</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֑</td><td><a href="Etnachta" title="Etnachta">Etnachta</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">ֶ</td><td><a href="Segol_(Trope)" title="Segol (Trope)">Segol (Trope)</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֓ ׀</td><td><a href="Schalschelet_gedola" title="Schalschelet gedola">Schalschelet gedola</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֔</td><td><a href="Zaqef_qaton" title="Zaqef qaton">Zaqef qaton</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֕</td><td><a href="Zakef_gadol" title="Zakef gadol">Zakef gadol</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֗</td><td><a href="Rewia" title="Rewia">Rewia</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֖</td><td><a href="Tipcha" title="Tipcha">Tipcha</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֮</td><td><a href="Zarqa_(Trope)" title="Zarqa (Trope)">Zarqa (Trope)</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֙</td><td><a href="Paschta" title="Paschta">Paschta</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֚</td><td><a href="Jetiw" title="Jetiw">Jetiw</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֛</td><td><a href="Tewir" title="Tewir">Tewir</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֜</td><td><a href="Geresch_(Trope)" title="Geresch (Trope)">Geresch (Trope)</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;"> </td><td><a href="Gerschajim_(Trope)" title="Gerschajim (Trope)">Gerschajim (Trope)</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֡</td><td><a href="Pazer" title="Pazer">Pazer</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֟</td><td><a href="Qarne_para" title="Qarne para">Qarne para</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֠</td><td><a href="Telischa_gedola" title="Telischa gedola">Telischa gedola</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֣ ׀</td><td><a href="Munach_Legarmeh" title="Munach Legarmeh">Munach Legarmeh</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">2. verbindende („dienende“) Akzente</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֣</td><td><a href="Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֤</td><td><a href="Mahpach" title="Mahpach">Mahpach</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֥</td><td><a href="Mercha" title="Mercha">Mercha</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֦</td><td><a href="Mercha_kefula" title="Mercha kefula">Mercha kefula</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֧</td><td><a href="Darga_(Trope)" title="Darga (Trope)">Darga (Trope)</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֨</td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qadma</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֩</td><td><a href="Telischa_qetanna" title="Telischa qetanna">Telischa qetanna</a></td><td> </td><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֪</td><td><a href="Jerach_ben_jomo" title="Jerach ben jomo">Jerach ben jomo</a></td></tr><tr><td class="singleChar" style="padding:0;">֖</td><td><a href="Majela_(Trope)" title="Majela (Trope)">Majela (Trope)</a></td><td> </td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><b>Qadma</b> oder <b>Kadma</b> <span style="font-family:'SBL Hebrew','Ezra SIL',serif; font-size:xx-large; line-height:normal; direction:rtl;">◌֨</span> (<a href="J%C3%BCdisch-pal%C3%A4stinisches_Aram%C3%A4isch" title="Jüdisch-palästinisches Aramäisch">aramäisch</a> <bdo dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r238817682">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .Hebr{font-size:115%}
/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><bdi dir="rtl" lang="hbo-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">קַדְמָ֨א</bdi></bdo>) auch <b>Azla</b> ist eine Trope in der jüdischen Liturgie und zählt zu den biblischen Satz-, Betonungs- und Kantillationszeichen <a href="Teamim" title="Teamim">Teamim</a>, die im <a href="Tanach" title="Tanach">Tanach</a> erscheinen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begriffe">Begriffe</h2></div>
<table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; position:relative;">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Trope
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Altgriechische_Sprache" title="Altgriechische Sprache">altgriechisch</a></span> <span lang="grc-Grek" class="Grek" style="font-style:normal"><br>τρόπος</span> <i>tropos</i><br>über <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Jiddisch" title="Jiddisch">jiddisch</a></span> <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="yi-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal"><br>טראָפּ</bdi></bdo> trop<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>dt.: Betonung,<br>Melodie
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In der <a href="Aschkenasisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Aschkenasisch">aschkenasischen</a> Tradition wird die Trope „Kadma“, „Qadma“ oder „Kadmah“<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="J%C3%BCdisch-pal%C3%A4stinisches_Aram%C3%A4isch" title="Jüdisch-palästinisches Aramäisch">aramäisch</a>: קַדְמָ֨א) genannt. In der <a href="Sephardisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardisch">sephardischen</a> Tradition wird sie „Azla “ (<a href="J%C3%BCdisch-pal%C3%A4stinisches_Aram%C3%A4isch" title="Jüdisch-palästinisches Aramäisch">aramäisch</a>: אַזְלָ֨א) genannt. In der <a href="Italien" title="Italien">italienischen</a> Tradition wird sie auch „Qadma“ (<a href="J%C3%BCdisch-pal%C3%A4stinisches_Aram%C3%A4isch" title="Jüdisch-palästinisches Aramäisch">aramäisch</a>: קַדְמָ֨א) genannt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbol">Symbol</h2></div>
<p>Qadma hat dasselbe Symbol wie <a href="Paschta" title="Paschta">Paschta</a>. Beide werden allein durch die Position des Symbols unterschieden. Bei der Trope Qadma befindet sich das Betonungszeichen immer in der Mitte über dem ersten Buchstaben der betonten <a href="Silbe" title="Silbe">Silbe</a> des Wortes. Bei der Trope Paschta jedoch erscheint das Betonungszeichen links über dem letzten Buchstaben des Wortes. Wenn das Wort mit Paschta nicht auf der letzten Silbe betont ist, erscheint ein zweites Paschta über dem ersten Buchstaben der betonten Silbe. Qadma kommt hingegen nie doppelt auf einem Wort vor.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatik">Grammatik</h2></div>
<p>Qadma ist ein konjunktives Zeichen, das eine Verbindung anzeigt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kombinationsmöglichkeiten"><span id="Kombinationsm.C3.B6glichkeiten"></span>Kombinationsmöglichkeiten</h3></div>
<table class="wikitable float-left">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Geresch</th>
<th>Qadma</th>
<th>Telischa qetanna</th>
<th>Munach
</th></tr>
<tr class="center">
<td><span style="font-family:'SBL Hebrew','Ezra SIL',serif; font-size:xx-large; line-height:normal; direction:rtl;">◌֜ </span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-family:'SBL Hebrew','Ezra SIL',serif; font-size:xx-large; line-height:normal; direction:rtl;">◌֨ </span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-family:'SBL Hebrew','Ezra SIL',serif; font-size:xx-large; line-height:normal; direction:rtl;">◌֩ </span>
</td>
<td><span style="font-family:'SBL Hebrew','Ezra SIL',serif; font-size:xx-large; line-height:normal; direction:rtl;">◌֣</span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>Es gibt die Kombinationsmöglichkeit bestehend aus <a href="Geresch_(Trope)" title="Geresch (Trope)">Geresch</a>, Qadma, <a href="Telischa_qetanna" title="Telischa qetanna">Telischa qetanna</a> und <a href="Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Jacobson illustriert dies an den Beispielen <a href="Genesis_(Bibel)" title="Genesis (Bibel)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Genesis</span></a> 12,5 <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="hbo-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">וַיִּקַּ֣ח אַבְרָם֩ אֶת־שָׂרַ֨י אִשְׁתֹּ֜ו</bdi></bdo>, 50,13 <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="hbo-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָה֩ אַבְרָהָ֨ם אֶת־הַשָּׂדֶ֜ה</bdi></bdo> und 38,11 <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="hbo-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוּדָה֩ לְתָמָ֨ר כַּלָּתֹ֜ו</bdi></bdo> und <a href="Exodus_(Bibel)" title="Exodus (Bibel)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Exodus</span></a> 15,19 <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="hbo-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">כִּ֣י בָא֩ ס֨וּס פַּרְעֹ֜ה</bdi></bdo> und 27,18 <bdo dir="ltr"><bdi dir="rtl" lang="hbo-Hebr" class="Hebr hebrew" style="unicode-bidi:isolate;font-style:normal">אֹ֣רֶךְ הֶֽחָצֵר֩ מֵאָ֨ה בָֽאַמָּ֜ה</bdi></bdo>.
</p><p>Die allgemeine Bezeichnung ist gemäß <a href="Tabula_accentuum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabula accentuum">Tabula accentuum</a> Azla. Als Qadma wird das Symbol genau dann bezeichnet, wenn es von einem Geresch gefolgt wird.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>William Wickes: <i>A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job.</i> 1881 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treatiseonacpoet00wickuoft/mode/1up">archive.org</a>).</li>
<li>William Wickes: <i>A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament.</i> 1887 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/treatiseonaccent00wickuoft/mode/1up">archive.org</a>).</li>
<li>Arthur Davis: <i>The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K"A Sefarim) with a new introduction.</i> 1900 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hebrewaccentsoft00daviuoft/mode/1up">archive.org</a>).</li>
<li>Francis L. Cohen: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cantillation</cite>. In: Isidore Singer (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">The Jewish Encyclopedia</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>III</span>. KTAV Publishing House, New York, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>542–548</span> (1901–1906).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.atitle=Cantillation&rft.au=Francis+L.+Cohen&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=542-548&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House&rft.volume=Band+III" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Solomon Rosowsky: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses</cite>. The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.au=Solomon+Rosowsky&rft.btitle=The+Cantillation+of+the+Bible.+The+Five+Books+of+Moses&rft.date=1957&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Reconstructionist+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>James D. Price: <cite style="font-style:italic">Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible</cite>. Band I: <i>Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch</i>. Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.au=James+D.+Price&rft.btitle=Concordance+of+the+Hebrew+accents+in+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0773423958&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellon+Press&rft.volume=Band+I%3A+Concordance+of+the+Hebrew+Accents+used+in+the+Pentateuch" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Joshua R. Jacobson: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation</cite>. 1. Auflage. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.au=Joshua+R.+Jacobson&rft.btitle=Chanting+the+Hebrew+Bible.+The+art+of+cantillation&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=1.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0827606931&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Israel Yeivin: <cite style="font-style:italic">Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="E._J._Revell" class="mw-redirect" title="E. J. Revell">E. J. Revell</a>. Scholars Press, Missoula, Montana 1980, ISBN 0-89130-374-X.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.au=Israel+Yeivin&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Tiberian+Masorah&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=089130374X&rft.place=Missoula%2C+Montana&rft.pub=Scholars+Press" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Page H. Kelley, Daniel S. Mynatt, Timothy G. Crawford: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Masorah of Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: introduction and annotated glossary</cite>. W.B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids (Michigan) 1998, <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/oclc/38168226">38168226</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.au=Page+H.+Kelley%2C+Daniel+S.+Mynatt%2C+Timothy+G.+Crawford&rft.btitle=The+Masorah+of+Biblia+Hebraica+Stuttgartensia%3A+introduction+and+annotated+glossary&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.oclc=38168226&rft.place=Grand+Rapids+%28Michigan%29&rft.pub=W.B.+Eerdmans+Publishing+Company" style="display:none"> </span></li>
<li>Joshua R. Jacobson: <cite style="font-style:italic">Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition</cite>. The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=cAhkCXAEy6kC">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Qadma&rft.au=Joshua+R.+Jacobson&rft.btitle=Chanting+the+Hebrew+Bible.+Student+Edition&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0827608160&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=The+Jewish+Publication+Society" style="display:none"> </span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobson (2002), S. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the <i>lingua franca</i> of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to be known as <i>trop</i>. The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek <i>tropos</i> or Latin <i>tropus</i> ».</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobson (2005), S. 68.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobson (2002), S. 221.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacobson (2005), S. 69.</span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-09-13" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Qadma&oldid=259695517">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>
</body></html>